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🐠 Black Molly – Overview
| Trait | Detail |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Black Molly |
| Scientific Name | Poecilia sphenops |
| Family | Poeciliidae (Livebearers) |
| Origin | Central America (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela) – developed through selective breeding |
| Lifespan | 3–5 years |
| Size | Males: ~3 in (8 cm), Females: ~5 in (12 cm) |
| Temperament | Peaceful, social |
| Care Level | Easy (great for beginners) |
🎨 Appearance
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Color: Solid, velvety black from head to tail
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Body Shape: Oval, slightly flattened
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Fins: Short-finned or sailfin varieties available
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Sexual Differences:
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Males: Smaller, slimmer, with a gonopodium (pointed anal fin)
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Females: Larger, with a fan-shaped anal fin
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💧 Water & Tank Requirements
| Parameter | Ideal Range |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 70–82°F (21–28°C) |
| pH | 7.0–8.5 |
| Hardness | 15–30 dGH |
| Tank Size | Minimum 20 gallons |
| Salinity | Optional – can tolerate light brackish water |
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Prefer slightly alkaline, hard water
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Perform regular water changes (25–30% weekly)
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Moderate water flow with good filtration
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Live or silk plants help reduce stress and provide hiding spots
🧠 Behavior & Compatibility
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Social and peaceful
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Do best in groups of 5+
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Male-to-female ratio: 1 male per 2–3 females to reduce harassment
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Good tank mates:
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Guppies, platies, swordtails
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Tetras, Corydoras, rasboras, snails
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Avoid aggressive or fin-nipping fish like large cichlids or tiger barbs
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🍽️ Diet
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Omnivore: Prefers both plant and protein-based food
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Feed:
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High-quality flake or pellet
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Vegetables: blanched spinach, peas, zucchini
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Frozen/live food: bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia
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Feed 1–2 times daily in small amounts they can eat in 2–3 minutes
🐣 Breeding
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Livebearer: Females give birth to live fry
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Gestation: ~28 days
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Fry count: 20–100 per batch
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Breeding tank or dense plants recommended for fry survival
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Fry care:
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Feed baby brine shrimp or crushed flakes
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Keep separate until large enough to join adults
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🩺 Health Concerns
| Issue | Symptoms | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ich (white spots) | White dots, flashing | Treat with heat & medication |
| Fin rot | Fraying, white-edged fins | Caused by poor water quality |
| Fungus | Cotton-like patches | Antifungal medication helps |
| Internal parasites | Weight loss, stringy poop | Use anti-parasitic food/meds |
| Shimmying | Rocking motion | Water imbalance/stress |
Prevention:
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Keep water clean
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Avoid overfeeding
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Quarantine new fish
✅ Summary Snapshot
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Hardy and beginner-friendly fish
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Thrive in alkaline, hard water
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Prefer social groups
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Easy to breed; prolific livebearers
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Require good filtration and diet variety
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