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Here’s all about Hygrophila polysperma — a fast-growing, beginner-friendly stem plant that’s ideal for new aquariums and known for its hardiness, rapid growth, and ability to control algae by nutrient competition.
🌿 Scientific Classification
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Scientific Name: Hygrophila polysperma
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Common Names: Indian Swampweed, Dwarf Hygro
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Family: Acanthaceae
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Origin: Southeast Asia (India, Bangladesh, Thailand)
🌱 Plant Description
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Type: Stem plant
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Height: 20–40+ cm (8–16 inches)
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Width: 5–8 cm spread (clusters)
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Leaf Shape: Narrow oval to lanceolate, opposite leaf arrangement
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Leaf Color: Light green to pinkish-brown under high light
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Growth Rate: Very fast
💧 Tank Requirements
| Parameter | Ideal Range |
|---|---|
| Temperature | 22–30°C (72–86°F) |
| pH | 6.5–7.5 |
| Hardness | Soft to moderately hard (GH 3–12) |
| Lighting | Low to high (color varies with light) |
| CO₂ | Not essential but promotes faster, bushier growth |
| Substrate | Not picky; grows even in inert gravel, though nutrient-rich substrate improves performance |
🌾 Growth & Propagation
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Propagation: By stem cuttings; simply cut and replant tops
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Spacing: 2–3 cm between stems to avoid overcrowding
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Trimming: Regular trimming needed to prevent surface takeover
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Replanting: Cut top portions root easily when planted in substrate
🌟 Color Forms & Variants
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Standard Green: Commonest form; bright green under moderate light
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Sunset Hygro / Rosa Nervis: Rare cultivar with pink veins and reddish hues
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Variegated types: Sometimes found with mottled leaves
🧠 Care Tips
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Excellent for new tank setups to stabilize the environment
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Great for absorbing excess nutrients, reducing algae risk
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Can grow emersed in open tanks or paludariums
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If left unchecked, it can grow out of the water and flower
⚠️ Common Issues
| Problem | Cause |
|---|---|
| Pale or yellow leaves | Iron deficiency or poor substrate nutrients |
| Leggy growth | Not enough light or insufficient trimming |
| Leaves melting | Transition shock (emerse to submerse) |
| Overgrowth | Regular trimming required due to fast growth |
🐠 Compatibility
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Very compatible with shrimp, small community fish, and bettas
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Avoid with goldfish or large cichlids that may uproot or nibble plants
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Great hiding spot for fry or small fish due to dense foliage
📌 Quick Summary
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Type | Stem plant |
| Color | Green to reddish with light variation |
| Placement | Background or midground (when trimmed) |
| Growth Rate | Very fast |
| Light Requirement | Low to high |
| CO₂ Requirement | Optional |
| Difficulty | Very easy |
✅ Why Choose Hygrophila polysperma?
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Beginner-friendly and undemanding
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Rapid growth helps combat algae
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Adapts well to many water conditions
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Perfect for low-tech tanks and planted communities
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